Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Symptoms Correlate with Domains of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, little is known regarding the relation between the severity of RBD and the different domains of cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was: (1) to investigate the domains of cognitive impairment in patients with PD and RBD, and (2) to explore risk factors for PD-mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) and the relationship between RBD severity and impairment in different cognitive domains in PD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The participants were grouped as follows: PD without RBD (PD-RBD; n = 42), PD with RBD (PD + RBD; n = 32), idiopathic RBD (iRBD; n = 15), and healthy controls (HCs; n = 36). All participants completed a battery of neuropsychological assessment of attention and working memory, executive function, language, memory, and visuospatial function. The information of basic demographics, diseases and medication history, and motor and nonmotor manifestations was obtained and compared between PD-RBD and PD + RBD groups. Particular attention was paid to the severity of RBD assessed by the RBD Questionnaire-Hong Kong (RBDQ-HK) and the RBD Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ), then we further examined associations between the severity of RBD symptoms and cognitive levels via correlation analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to PD-RBD subjects, PD + RBD patients were more likely to have olfactory dysfunction and their Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores were higher (P < 0.05). During neuropsychological testing, PD + RBD patients performed worse than PD-RBD patients, including delayed memory function, especially. The MCI rates were 33%, 63%, 33%, and 8% for PD-RBD, PD + RBD, iRBD, and HC groups, respectively. RBD was an important factor for the PD-MCI variance (odds ratio = 5.204, P = 0.018). During correlation analysis, higher RBDSQ and RBDQ-HK scores were significantly associated with poorer performance on the Trail Making Test-B (errors) and Auditory Verbal Learning Test (delayed recall) and higher RBD-HK scores were also associated with Rey-Osterrieth complex figure (copy) results.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>When PD-RBD and PD + RBD patients have equivalent motor symptoms, PD + RBD patients still have more olfactory dysfunction and worse daytime somnolence. RBD is an important risk factor for MCI, including delayed memory. Deficits in executive function, verbal delayed memory, and visuospatial function were consistently associated with more severe RBD symptoms.</p>

Bone histomorphometry study in agglutination of femoral condyle of dog after being compressed / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study simulated clinical implant surgery using squeeze technique by establishing a rational animal model. To measure the morphologic parameters in order to observe the agglutination of the cancellous bone after being compressed. The study wanted to get some favourable support of implant squeeze technique in bone healing and obtaining primary stabilities of implants, so as to provide some reasonable and valid guidance in the application and improvement of implant squeeze technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cancellous bone in condyles of femur of dog had been chosen as the experimental position, prepared the implant holes using squeeze technique according to different compressing extent (0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.0 mm), and then inserted the corresponding implants into them. After different healing periods (1, 2, 4, 12 weeks), the mongrel dogs were sacrificed and the hard tissue slices were made and then the morphologic parameters were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The morphologic parameter of the bone tissue shows that after being compressed, the trabecular bone thickness was almost constant, while the trabecular bone number increased, and the trabecular bone spacing decreased, obviously in the 1-week and 2-week groups. The differences went down gradually along with the extend of healing time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The clinical implant surgery using squeeze technique can improve peri-implant bone density so it is good for obtaining primary stabilities of implants.</p>